Architectural Movements

Romanesque Architecture

Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. 

Examples...

Maria Laach Abbey, Germany

Tum Collegiate Church, Poland

Lessay Abbey, Normandy, France.

Gothic Architecture

Gothic architecture, architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid-12th century to the 16th century, particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracey.

Chartres Cathedral, France.

Reims Cathedral, Interior of Reims Cathedral, France, begun in 1211

Amiens Cathedral, France.

Renaissance Architecture

Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to other Italian cities. The style was carried to Spain, France, Germany, England, Russia and other parts of Europe at different dates and with varying degrees of impact.

Examples...

Cathedral of Pienza: This Cathedral demonstrates one of the first true Renaissance façades.

Classical Roman Columns: Orders of Architecture in the Greek Columns

Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica: The Dome of St Peter’s Basilica, Rome is often cited as a foundational piece of Renaissance architecture.

Baroque Architecture

Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to combat the Reformation and the Protestant church with a new architecture that inspired surprise and awe. It reached its peak in the High Baroque (1625–1675), when it was used in churches and palaces in Italy, Spain, Portugal and France, and Austria. In the Late Baroque period (1675–1750), it reached as far as Russia and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Beginning in about 1730, an even more elaborately decorative variant called Rococo appeared and flourished in Central Europe.

Examples...

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome

Les Invalides, Paris

Palace of Versailles , Versailles

Rokoko Architectural

Rococo, also known as ‘late Baroque’, was an extreme, decorative development of Baroque architecture that emerged in the 18th century as a reaction against grandeur and symmetry. It was a more fluid and florid elaborate style, comprising ornate, asymmetric designs and pastel shades.

Salon de Monsieur le Prince, Chantilly.

Salons of the Hotel de Soubise, Paris.

Amalienburg, Munich.

Neoclassical Architecture

Neoclassical architecture, also known as neoclassicism, emerged in the mid-18th century as a reaction to Rococo. Derived from Palladian architecture, it has references to classical Greek and Roman architecture. Unlike Classical revivalism however, neoclassical architecture tends to draw upon the logic of entire Classical volumes rather than just reusing parts.

Examples...

London: Chiswick House

Naples: Teatro Reale di San Carlo

Northern Italy: Villa Tittoni Traversi

Art Deco

Art Deco architecture is a popular style of design characterised by geometric, fashionable or a sleek stylised facade using man-made materials, according to Britannica. Originally from the 1920s, characterised by its antitraditional characteristics, it originally represented modernism symbolising affluence and stature.The style’s characteristics originated in the mid-to-late 1910’s, yet it was first exhibited in Paris, France in 1925, which spawned its major developments and meaning shortly after as a major style in western Europe during the 1930’s. The style derived its name from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes.

Examples...

The Chrysler Building, New York, 1930

The Empire State Building, New York, 1931

The Rockefeller Center, New York, 1929

Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau originally served as a guide to several disciplines from architecture to painting, and furniture design to typography. As a reaction to the eclectic styles that dominated Europe, Art Nouveau manifested itself in architecture in decorative elements: the buildings, full of curved and sinuous lines, received ornaments inspired by organic shapes such as plants, flowers, and animals, both in terms of design and the use of color. Its first buildings were designed by Belgian architect Victor Horta, however, the most emblematic exemplars were authored by the Frenchman Hector Guimard.

Examples...

Casa Batlló, Barcelona

The Old England Building, Brussels

 

Majolikahaus, Vienna

Created by Yaren KAMİT...

Resources :

 • https://kulturveyasam.com/ornekleriyle-sanat-tarihindeki-mimari-akim-ve-usluplar/

•https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesque_architecture#:~:text=Romanesque%20architecture%20is%20an%20architectural,being%20the%20most%20commonly%20held.

• https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-architecture

• https://tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6nesans_mimarisi

• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/renaissance-architecture/

• https://historylists.org/architecture/10-masterpieces-of-baroque-architecture.html

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Rococo#:~:text=Rococo%2C%20also%20known%20as%20'late,asymmetric%20designs%20and%20pastel%20shades.

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture

• https://www.veranda.com/travel/g34299821/best-neoclassical-architecture/

• https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/art-deco-architecture-buildings-houses#

• https://www.admiddleeast.com/7-beautiful-art-nouveau-buildings-from-around-the-world